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History of Romanian
The history of the Romanian language began in the Roman provinces of Southeast Europe north of the so-called "Jireček Line", but the exact place where its formation started is still debated. Eastern Romance is now represented by four variantsDaco-Romanian, Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, and Istro-Romanianwhich originated from a common Proto-Romanian language. These variants also had a common substratum. The latter's morphological and syntactic features seem to have been similar to those shared by the languagesincluding Albanian, Bulgarian, and Macedonianwhich form the Balkan sprachbund. The adoption of a number of Proto-Slavic and Old Church Slavonic loanwords by all Eastern Romance variants shows that their disintegration did not commence before the 10th century.
==Background==
(詳細はRomance languages were once spoken in Southeastern Europe for centuries, but the Dalmatian branch of this Eastern Romance disappeared centuries ago. Although the surviving Eastern group of Balkan Romance has in the meantime split into four major variants, their common features suggest that all of them originated from the same idiom. Daco-Romanian, the largest among these variants, is spoken by more than 20 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova. Aromanian has about 350,000 speakers who mainly live in the mountainous zones of Albania, Greece and Macedonia. Some thousand people from the wider region of Thessaloniki speak the third variant which is known as Megleno-Romanian. The smallest Eastern Romance variant, Istro-Romanian is used by less than 1,500 speakers in Istria. All Eastern Romance variants share a number of peculiarities which differentiate them to such an extent from other Romance languages that Friedrich Diezthe first Romance philologisteven stated in 1836 that Romanian was "only a semi-Romance language". These peculiarities encompass, for instance, the common features of the Albanian, Bulgarian, Macedonian and other languages〔For instance, the postposed definite articles and the duplication of the object in sentences (Petrucci 1999 pp. 9-13.; Mišeska Tomić 2006, p. 27.).〕 which together form the "Balkan linguistic union".
Modern scholars still debate the venue of the Romanian language's formation. There are two main concurring theories, but further hypotheses also exist. The followers of the "theory of the Daco-Romanian continuity" propose that the Romanian language primarily developed from the Latin spoken in the province of Roman Dacia to the north of the Lower Danube. The opposite "immigrationist theory" suggests that Romanian developed in Moesia, Pannonia Inferior or other provinces to the south of the Danube. It is without doubt that a linethe so-called "Jireček Line"can be drawn across the Balkan Peninsula which divided it into two parts in Roman times: north of this line, Latin was predominantly used, while to the south of it, Greek remained the main language of communication.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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